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Translation is a delicate and complex process and it is not a simple word-for-word correspondence between any two languages. It is the action of interpretation of the meaning of a text in all its undertones and the subsequent rendering and conveying of its messagein another language.

Proofreading is the very last step in the translation, but this does not mean that it is the least important. Proofreading is usually made on other translator’s works in order to ensures that the final document is completely free of errors and polished to a high standard. Professional proof-readers will complete several “passes” through a paper in order to ensure that they have found and corrected all typographical errors, incorrect punctuation, spelling mistakes, inaccurate words, and terminological accuracy and consistency.

Editing is arranging, reviewing and changing a document already translated, but whose original has been modified. An example is a second version of the same file: editing is making additions, deletions, or other changes to comply with existing standards (e.g., EMA, REACH, etc.). Editing is commonly applied to all documents for publication or public presentation (for example EMA or REACH documentation for EU drug approval).